The development of a laboratory X-ray laser has been intensively pursued since its unambiguous demonstration in the 1980s. There are a series of published comparisons showing the road towards saturation and the excitation of X-ray wavelength close to the water window- https://www.orkg.org/orkg/comparison/R157326 https://www.orkg.org/orkg/comparison/R155101 https://www.orkg.org/orkg/comparison/R154287 https://www.orkg.org/orkg/comparison/R152186 https://www.orkg.org/orkg/comparison/R151826 . With the development of table-top Soft X-ray lasers the door is open to applications that are feasible for research institutes and commercial level. One of the aims of these applications is the imaging of fast nanoscale systems, including small biological specimens. Here we present advances in the fundamentals and actual applications of the Soft X-ray lasers; emphasis is made in the objective and what technologies are being applied.
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